Buildings crafted by human hands in Persian architecture reflect their attitudes towards the universe, showcasing the intellectual prowess and cultural-social structure of the society they belong to. Architecture maintains a profound connection with the surrounding environment and the people within that society.
Traditional Persian architecture is a symbolic manifestation of the eternal world. Iranian architecture has been displayed in various forms in different buildings. It has a special place in Its beliefs, customs, and rituals, which have a clear expression in geographical and climatic conditions. It is the result of the efforts of artists who, relying on their faith, gave their lives and spared no effort in this way. Along with the architecture experts, the handicraft masters have also evolved and influenced traditional Iranian architecture with the same above thinking but manifested in their art.
The traditional art and architecture of Iran in the past had the most creative and iconic masterpieces. It is because the building was built without advanced and modern tools. Such houses are made elegantly and attractively and inspire designers and architecture today.
The traditional architecture that has been used in Iran in the past is an indicator of the culture of the ruling society at that time. And also has roots in history and all the characteristics of that region's society.
One of the undeniable characteristics of Iranian works of architecture, such as houses, mosques, schools, caravanserais, and baths, is their introspective character. An indicator that has deep roots in Iranian social and philosophical foundations and principles. Introversion and preservation of privacy in architecture is to reach one's essence and find peace within. In general and based on Eastern thinking, in Islamic lands, the essence of space is manifested in the interior, and the inner courtyard is the originator of this principle.
People-centeredness means compliance between building organs and human needs. Architecture in Iran is considered an art related to life; Therefore, the width of the bedroom is the size of a bed, and the height of the window is so that it is easily accessible when sitting and standing; On the other hand, the living room, which is special for guests, is built to a size that is suitable for parties. This quality is seen in famous buildings like Naqsh Jahan square and Chogha zanbil and also Islamic buildings such as Jameh mosque of Isfahan and Sheikh Lotfollah mosque.
Iranian architects collect their materials from the nearest places in the city or the village; they use the materials around them and choose the nearest place to supply building materials. The advantage of self-sufficiency is that all the materials were available when rebuilding the building. Since clay was available everywhere, we can see many buildings made by that in ancient Iran and before Islamic period, and that is a sample of self-sufficiency in Iranian architecture.
The yard in old houses is the center and heart of the Iranian building. The central courtyard with a porch on each side is seen in Iran architecture regularly. Of course, there was a possibility that the yard would not be made the center of the house from a geometric point of view. Still, it would be made from the point of view of living and doing daily activities and creating connections between different parts of the house, and other issues would be considered the center of the house.
Many believe Persepolis is the symbol of persian architecture design. Before Persepolis was built, hundreds of porches with wooden and stone columns were built all over the civilized world of that day. Still, for the first time in Persepolis, we see that the columns are as far apart as possible, even though in some ancient palaces outside of Iran (for example, Egypt), the distance between two columns is something like their diameter, even a little less.
The pre Islamic architecture was able to create the widest openings with plaster casts and various arrangements.
The Persian architectural style is one of the world's most famous and beautiful architectural styles, which has a special place compared to the architectural styles in other countries.
The glory of traditional Iranian architecture, which displays the art of authentic Iranian engineers and the elements and structures of Persian design, is due to features such as:
Elements of traditional architecture in Persia are 3000 years old. However, this style is used when a lasting and beautiful structure is to be designed.
A style that, although not very common anymore, has always evoked the originality of the past, the beauty of architecture of Persia, and the ability of the designers of that time.
Persian style of architecture is still taught in the architecture course of many reputable universities, which shows the attention and interest of the people in this style.
Persian handicrafts and architecture have a close and strong connection. In addition to being decorative and aesthetic, these have a valuable role in the daily life of people in society.
An integral part of the architecture is shown in its interior design, such as brickwork, tilework, plastering, mirrorwork, carpet weaving, carpet weaving, painting, pottery, woodcarving, porcelain knotting, and other handicrafts. It has created a unique link that makes Iran's architectural space full of spiritual beauty, which also brings external beauty.
If you are interested in decorative items for the living room, in that case, you can see the importance of interior decoration in the home.
Handicrafts have occupied a large part of Iranian cities. Different Crafts and architecture have always complemented each other and have standard features.
Many Persian handicrafts are suitable for interior design, especially for the living room. Persian rug and carpet is the most world-famous one. The other art and crafts are:
One of traditional Iranian architecture's most exciting and interesting points is focusing on soil, wind, and sun elements.
Curved and dome-shaped windows with tiny colored glass or rooms facing direct and warm sunlight and corridors with the characteristic of air movement are evident in old Iranian architecture. These signs can be seen in most of the historical mosques of Iran.
Usually, in the center of the house, a large yard, there was a blue pond and unique small gardens, giving the atmosphere a special sense of freshness, like the buildings in the Golestan Palace.
In addition, the entrance doors of these houses were usually made of wood, which indicated the house's individuality with separate male and female knockers.
Usually, in this type of architecture, space was considered a room for guests, known as Shahneshin; this environment usually had unique and patterned decorations and was decorated with mirrorwork and notable paintings and the use of traditional and beautiful Iranian tiles.
The suitable and beautiful atmosphere of the kitchen also showed the hospitality of the family and the entire Iranian people.
One of the most interesting points seen in traditional Iranian architecture is old architects' excessive focus and attention to detail. By examining all the fine points observed in traditional architecture, sociologists or archaeologists can decode some cultures or problems existing at that time and reveal the truths. They can observe the culture and relationships of the past. What is your opinion about Persian architecture?
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