Gabbeh's texture is usually made of self-dyed wool mixed with goat hair. After washing, these wool and hairs are spun and spun and then used for weaving. In this article, the raw materials of Gabbeh weaving are thoroughly examined, then the details of manual and machine weaving are discussed. We pay for it. Finally, we will compare hand-woven and machine-made rugs.
Gabbeh is woven from high-quality sheep wool or goat hair. A herd of sheep and goats walks hundreds of kilometers yearly and passes through low and high places. The tribe travels from the high pastures north of Shiraz in the Zagros mountain range (the summer pasture of the Qashqai tribe) to the winter pastures near the Persian Gulf. Sheep that graze at high altitudes produce more lanolin (wool fat). The higher the amount of lanolin, the better, softer, and brighter the wool is, and the more resistant to stains.
Color separation is significant and constitutes the first stage of weaving, during which the artisans first select wool from their livestock or (if the family does not have livestock) from other ranchers. Livestock breeders and nomads buy it; it is wholly separated according to the type of color, and after washing, it is spun and spun by women and girls using small and portable spindles. Sometimes, the hair of Aden and Pakistani goats, which has a great variety of colors, is mixed with sheep's wool and used as thread or for sewing hems.
As mentioned, the Gabbeh weave is done using self-dyed wool. Still, sometimes, weavers perform bleaching operations on white, sugar, and cream wool and dyeing operations on brown and black wool to make their raw materials transparent. Using the skin of the oak fruit, which is called Jaft in the local term, they create a kind of brown color similar to henna, and with the help of pomegranate skin, alum, and iron color, they make a transparent black color.
The Gabbeh Persian rugs woven by original weavers or trained by expert weavers are hand-woven Gabbeh, which are special types of Persian woven rugs with high value and have their authenticity preserved. These types of blankets are often made of pure wool. Their weaving may have been done manually, but they are custom-made with synthetic fibers to reduce the price of these products.
This type of carpet is mainly woven in the Persian style and on ground looms. However, sometimes, and in some regions, they may also be produced by the Turkish weaving method. ,
In Iran, different Persian Gabbeh rugs are woven depending on the region, culture, and lifestyle. These rugs are distinct in design, color, and texture. Gabbeh is sometimes named according to the tribe of its weavers and sometimes according to the city where it is sold; for example, it is called Lori carpet or Shirazi carpet. Here, we will introduce some of the most famous Persian Gabbeh rugs:
Clicking on the picture below, you can visit various types of handmade Persian Gabbeh rugs.
Gabbeh weaving is done in many regions of Iran, but areas such as Kurdistan, Fars, Qashqai, Baluchistan, and Azerbaijan are known for their special and unique Gabbeh Persian rugs.
Fars province, with a history of 150 years in the field of weaving, can be considered one of the pioneers of this art in Iran. This region includes the tribes of Qashqai, Khamsa, Mamsani, and Bakhtiari, and it can be safely said that the fabrics of the Qashqai Turks of Fars are among the best, so they have an exceptional reputation abroad.
Among the other vital centers of Geba weaving, we can mention two domes, Bashet, Tal Gar, Cheshmeh Belqis, Deh Sheikh and Cheram in the city of Kekiloyeh, Deh Alia and Deh Sefali Alia, Barazjan and the rural areas of Shul and Deh Kohene in Bushehr province.
The Qashqai, the tribe most associated with weaving Persian Gabbeh rugs, are centered in southern Iran near the historic city of Shiraz. But other tribes, such as the Lurs, the Kurds, and the Bahktiari, also weave these carpets. Gabbeh comes from a Persian word meaning raw, natural, uncut, or "in the rough."
Although most Qashqai clans are skilled carpet weavers, the most critical Qashqai carpet weaving clan is the Kashkooli clan, which weaves the most diverse, most beautiful, and famous Qashqai carpets known as Kashkooli carpets in 5 designs and central motifs. Kermani, the pattern of stripes or Marhamat, the pattern of an extraordinary minister, and the design of Bute Qabadkhani. The above designs are woven in different colors, sizes, and patterns.
Machine-woven Gabbeh rugs, like machine carpets, are not produced by persons but in factories. Due to being machine-made, these Gabbeh have more regular designs and textures and are often made of synthetic fibers and less than pure wool. For this reason, they have a lower price and are less valuable than hand-woven Gabbes. However, for daily use, when the carpet experiences friction and damage, especially for people who have children or keep pets, they are more suitable than hand-woven rugs.
Machine piles are those piles that have a low carpet density and are usually 320 or 440 combs. Unlike hand-woven fabrics, machine fabrics do not have much weight. They may even have tiny weights. Also, they are much less thick than hand-woven fabrics. Machine rugs are much cheaper than fine woven carpets, such as 700 comb carpets.
Gabbeh weaving is one of the valuable handicrafts of Iranian tribes and nomads. Still, with the development of textile machines, it is possible to weave textiles such as carpets, rugs, cloth, etc. The product line may not be named exclusively as a machine rug, but there are products similar to rugs with the same characteristics as hand-woven carpets. Machine-made rugs similar to Gebe can be mentioned as low-density machine-made carpets (100 to 500 combs). Low-density machine carpets, or in other words, machine piles with long and soft piles, high thickness, and coarse patterns, have a very similar appearance to piles, so if you are a fan of machine piles, we suggest you choose a machine carpet with a density of 500 and 700 combs. You are fortunate when it comes to selecting the design and pattern of the machine rug because the variety of the design and pattern of the machine rugs is very high. You can find a car cover with a tree design, lion pattern, dome, clay, marhamat (striped), simple texture, etc. Buying a car seat is very affordable in terms of price.
These two types of fabrics can be compared according to the definitions of hand-woven and machine-woven fabrics. Despite the great variety of designs and colors in the Persian rugs, it can be said that the field of Persian Gabbeh rugs produced in different regions of Iran mostly has bright colors such as white, cream, or ivory. Thick yarns are used in weaving Gabbeh Persian rugs, which are also very long. For this reason, the thickness of the hand-woven rugs is very high, and they are cumbersome. But this is not the case in carcasses.
In the end, the common feature of all Persian Gabbeh rugs is a type of traditional patterning that has been developed over thousands of years, as well as geometric figures and pictures of birds and animals in the background, which may be composed of rows of geometric figures or types of flowers (something similar to the patterns of Turkmen carpets). Or it can be striped like Qashqai hand looms, with one to three tangs in each corner.
Here, you have read a summary of the types of Gabbeh according to the type of texture, and you have learned about hand-woven and machine Gabbeh and the difference between these two types. Also, you realized the details of the machine and hand-woven welts, especially Persian Gebbeh. Please let us know your thoughts about this content by adding a comment. Also, if you have any questions, ask the experts of CyrusCrafts through the WhatsApp link. As a store website for Iranian handicrafts and carpets, CyrusCrafts Grabs offers various unique products with shipping and immediate delivery worldwide.
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